When you put a can of soda into a freezer the can of soda will begin to freeze immediately.
But the can of soda won't explode within a few minutes of putting it in the freezer as it takes some time for the can of soda to fully freeze up and then explode due to the pressure being exerted against the soda can.
Soda cans have pressure inside them when they are canned due to the carbonation of the soda which is why it sprays out when you shake the can of soda up.
Once you put the can of soda in the freezer it will take about 47 to 50 minutes for the can of soda to explode.
I once forgot to bring a can of soda inside the house and it was in the cold car and an hour later I went out to get it as I had just remembered it and it was all over the car.
The can of soda likely exploded sooner than an hour because it was 10 F outside when it happened.