A longer domain registration length just might help your search engine rankings by a little bit.
But it's not a major ranking factor. Domain age is what really matters to a search engine. The older your website is and the longer they've indexed your website the more chance you have at ranking high in googles search engine.
But just having an older domain won't help you rank high. You also need lots of high quality content that will solve the searchers problems.
It doesn't hurt anything to register a domain name for 10 years if you plan to keep it that long. But I don't like to register domains that long as I might forget to renew it after that in time so I don't lose it.
I renew my domains once every year. I usually renew my domain name 4 months before expiration in case I can't get into my account at my domain registrar. It gives me time to reset passwords if needed and find my account information.
Never wait until the last minute to renew your domains.
Also google doesn't even have their domain registered for 10 years at a time.