A screenshot photo can be traced, but not usually by it's own hidden metadata.
A screenshot photo's metadata is often generic or stripped, but because the original photo/content likely had EXIF data, "location, device info" removed by platforms or the screenshot photo itself might have distinctive visual clues, such as context that points to you or device info, if it's sent uncompressed, especially if you're sharing sensitive information online.
Although platforms strip data, some sophisticated tools might recover some data and sharing screenshots or content such as bank information also risks revealing your identity through what's visible on the screen.
If you screenshot a photo, before the photo goes through compression, like through a direct file transfer via AirDrop or through email as a document, it may contain EXIF data, GPS, time, device etc from the original capture.
And the background, unique objects or even the time/date that is visible on the screen can also help to identify you and or your location.
And some file formats and encoding methods, like the ones from Facebook, WhatsApp and specific camera apps, leave digital fingerprints, which analysts can also use to identify the source, even if the location data is gone.
And sharing screenshots of social media profiles, messages or accounts can also link directly back to you.
To make your screenshot photos and screenshots harder to trace.
Strip Metadata by using EXIF remover tools before sharing the screenshot.
Use privacy settings and disable location services for the app that you're screenshotting from.
And use privacy focused apps, as some messaging apps like WhatsApp in document, mode strip metadata effectively.
And be mindful of content and black out any personal details and avoid showing identifiable backgrounds.