When the gasoline tanks at gas stations are being filled by a fuel tanker truck the gasoline gets stirred up which then causes possible debris to get stirred up as well.
That debris could get through the pump and into your gas tank on your vehicle so it could lead to clogging your fuel filter as well.
I've filled up my car a few times when they were filling the gasoline tanks at a gas station and never had a problem but I stopped doing so when someone else had a clogged fuel filter.
I'm not sure if it was caused by the gasoline tanks being filled or not but now I wait until they get done filling the gasoline tanks first.
So I would recommend just waiting until they are done filling the gasoline tanks or go to another gas station if you can't wait.