Yes going to Juvenile Detention does go on a persons record and is a very serious thing.
Having the Juvenile Detention on your record could affect your ability to get a job in the future and possibly renting an apartment or house.
You can always have the Juvenile Detention though expunged and removed from your record after you turn 18 by going to the court and asking for them to expunge the Juvenile Detention from your record.
The Juvenile Detention record is not automatically expunged or removed from your record though when you turn 18 but usually a judge will get it removed from your record as long as you're not getting into trouble as an adult.
So be good and continue to do good and avoid getting arrested and the judge will usually expunge the juvenile detention arrest and stay from your record.