The foods that carry prions are beef from cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) and venison or elk meat from animals that have chronic wasting disease (CWD).
High risk foods for developing prions are beef and nervous tissue, Deer, Elk and Moose (Game Meat) and even human meat and tissue.
Ritualistic cannibalism of human brain tissue spread the prion disease Kuru in Papua New Guinea.
Animals that are infected with Chronic Wasting Disease or (CWD) can harbor prions in skeletal muscle, burger meat, sausage, steaks and organs.
Although, while public health agencies note that there is no confirmed proof that CWD or chronic wasting disease has infected humans yet, authorities still strongly recommend testing harvested game and avoiding meat from infected animals.
And eating contaminated beef, especially beef products that contain brain, spinal cord or other central nervous system tissue from cattle with Mad Cow Disease, poses the highest historical risk to humans, which causes a variant of prion disease called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
The foods that do not carry prions disease are foods from pigs, poultry and fish and dairy and eggs.
Milk, dairy products and eggs have no association with transmitting infectious prions.
And prions diseases only occur in mammals, which meals that pig meat including pork as well as chicken, turkey and fish don't carry prions.
Prions cannot be destroyed by cooking as prions are not living organisms and are instead misfolded proteins, not bacteria or viruses, so heat does not kill the prions.
Prions also has a tight amino acid arrangement that resists high heat, boiling water and freezing as well as stomach acid and standard cooking like baking, boiling, or grilling the meats until well done leaves the prions completely infectious.
Destroying prions requires specialized medical autoclaving or extreme incineration temperatures that are above 900 F or even above 1,000 F and even standard disinfectants, alcohol and even formaldehyde don't work to get rid of or destroy prions.
The amount of prion deaths per year is 1 to 2 deaths per 1 million people worldwide each year.
At 1 to 2 deaths per 1 million people worldwide each year from prion disease, means that at this rate of deaths, thousands of cases of prion disease occur globally each year and around 400 to 600 people in the United States die from CJD or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease each year.
And in the UK, around 130 to 150 deaths from prion disease occur annually.
Prion disease is always fatal and has no cure as prion diseases destroy the brain tissue and lead to death, often within months of showing symptoms.
Sporadic CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease accounts for around 85% of cases, which means it occurs for no known reason and most people who get prion disease are between the ages of 55 and 75 years of age.
Another name for prion disease is transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE).
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is a medical name for prion disease that describes how prion disease can spread and how it makes tiny holes in the brain.
Common types of prion disease include.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD): The most common type of prion disease in people.
Variant CJD (vCJD): Linked to eating meat from cows with "mad cow disease".
Kuru: A rare type of prion disease found in past years in Papua New Guinea.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): Also called mad cow disease, which affects cattle.
Scrapie: A type of prion disease that affects sheep and goats.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD): A type of prion disease that affects deer and elk.
Prion disease is a rare, incurable, and fatal brain disorder that is caused by proteins that misfold and damage the nervous system.
Most cases of prion disease are sporadic and happen by chance with no known cause in about 85% to 90% of cases.
Genetic cases of prion disease are inherited through mutated gene passed down in families which is around 10% to 15% of cases.
Acquired cases of prion disease occurs due to rare exposure to contaminated tissue, food, or surgical gear in less than 1% of cases of prion disease.
Common human forms of prion disease include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), variant CJD, and fatal familial insomnia.
Symptoms of prion disease include rapidly worsening dementia and memory loss, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia), involuntary muscle jerks (myoclonus), vision changes or confusion and personality and behavioral shifts.
For diagnosing prion disease, doctors use Johns Hopkins Medicine guidelines, which include brain MRIs, spinal taps and electroencephalograms (EEGs) to check for rapid cognitive decline.
No cure for prion disease exists, and prion disease always results in death, usually within 1 year of the symptoms starting.
Care for the prion disease focuses on comfort and easing symptoms.