If you've been summoned to appear in court and you do miss that court date then yes you can go to jail for missing the court date.
When your court date comes around and you fail to appear in the court room on your court date then the judge can and will issue a bench warrant for your arrest.
So if you get pulled over and the police run your license and information then you'll be arrested for the warrant or they might come looking for you at your home and arrest you for the missed court appearance.
It's very important to get to your court dates so you don't get into more trouble and if possible pay for a ride to get to the court date.
Now if you're sick in the hospital then you might not get a warrant put out if you're actually in the hospital and then a new court date should be rescheduled.
But most judges will just issue a bench warrant and have you arrested if you don't show up.