The 12 sacred stones are the precious minerals that are detailed in the Bible.
Most famously, these 12 sacred stones are the Twelve Foundation Stones of the New Jerusalem walls (Revelation 21:19-20) and also the Breastplate of Judgement that was worn by the ancient Israelite High Priest (Exodus 28:17-20).
These 12 sacred stones or Twelve Gemstones that are listed in the "Book of Revelation," along with their likely modern day equivalents include:
Jasper: Often an opaque, deep red or multi-colored quartz.
Sapphire: Historically correlated to lapis lazuli or the modern blue corundum.
Chalcedony: A quartz variety; some ancient interpretations associate this with agate.
Emerald: The vibrant green beryl.
Sardonyx: A banded stone featuring layers of sard and onyx.
Sardius (Carnelian): A translucent, reddish-orange stone.
Chrysolite: Usually interpreted as the olive-green gemstone, peridot.
Beryl: A mineral species that includes emerald and aquamarine.
Topaz: A golden-yellow or yellowish-green silicate mineral.
Chrysoprase: An apple-green, nickel-bearing variety of chalcedony.
Jacinth (Hyacinth): A reddish-orange or amber zircon.
Amethyst: The popular purple quartz.
Also over centuries, mystics, scholars and even theologians have also drawn direct parallels between these sacred stones, which are the Twelve Apostles, the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac.