What is the difference between carbon monoxide poisoning and carbon dioxide poisoning? Simply put: the affinity of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin exceeds that of oxygen, which will occupy hemoglobin, resulting in death due to hypoxia.
Carbon dioxide binds to the plasma, causing an abnormal blood pH. Suppressed breathing.
The principle of poisoning is different. In the words of the common people: acute carbon monoxide is poisoning to death, carbon dioxide is suffocation.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is caused by inhalation of the products of incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances through the respiratory tract.
The poisoning mechanism is that the affinity of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is 200 to 300 times higher than that of oxygen and hemoglobin, so carbon monoxide can easily combine with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which makes hemoglobin lose its ability to carry oxygen and cause tissue suffocation.
Carbon monoxide poisoning has toxic effects on all tissues and cells of the human body, especially on the cerebral cortex.
By the time people realize carbon monoxide poisoning has occurred, it is often too late.
Because the cerebral cortex, which controls human movement, is the first to be damaged by paralysis, making it impossible for people to achieve purposeful voluntary movement.
Therefore, carbon monoxide poisoning is often unable to carry out effective self-help. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas, slightly heavier than air, with a content of only 0.03% in air.
Biological respiration, bacterial fermentation, and combustion of organic matter can produce carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide itself is not toxic.
The poisoning mechanism is as follows: 1. Low concentration of carbon dioxide can excite the respiratory center and make breathing deepen and accelerate.
High concentrations of carbon dioxide can inhibit and paralyze the respiratory center. 2.
Because the diffusing ability of carbon dioxide is 25 times stronger than that of oxygen, carbon dioxide can easily diffuse from the alveoli to the blood and cause respiratory acidosis.
Simple carbon dioxide poisoning is rare in clinical practice, and due to the increase in carbon dioxide in the air, it is often accompanied by a decrease in oxygen concentration.
For example, the vegetables and fruits stored in the underground kilns produce carbon dioxide during respiration and consume oxygen at the same time.
The poisoning that occurs when entering the cellar without protective measures is caused by high concentrations of carbon dioxide and lack of oxygen.
Tests have shown that the carbon dioxide concentration in the air with sufficient oxygen is 5% harmless to people; however, the air with oxygen concentration below 17% contains 4% carbon dioxide, which can cause poisoning.
Hypoxia can cause pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, shock, hypoxic encephalopathy, etc. At low concentrations, it is a physiological inhalation stimulant.
When the content of this product in the air exceeds normal (0.03%), it can make breathing deepen and accelerate; if the content is 1%, it can increase the breathing volume of normal people by 25%; when the content is 3%, it can increase the breathing volume by 2 times.
But when the content is 25%, it can paralyze the respiratory center and cause acidosis, so the inhalation concentration should not exceed 10% (under normal oxygen content).
What are the scenarios that are prone to carbon monoxide poisoning? 1.
Daily life: (1) Burn coal. Burn coal for heating, use charcoal hot pot, etc.
Coal is prone to incomplete combustion and produces a large amount of carbon monoxide. If the room is closed and the ventilation is not smooth, carbon monoxide poisoning is likely to occur. (2)
Use a gas water heater. Some families install the gas water heater in the bathroom, and the gas does not burn completely. If the time is too long, carbon monoxide is easy to accumulate.
In addition, the windows are closed in the cold weather, and the ventilation is not smooth, which leads to poisoning.
The installation of water heaters or stoves is not standardized, such as unauthorized use of gas heaters without inspection by the gas company after private installation, or the use of low-quality gas heaters. The cooker was blown out and extinguished when it was burning, the switch was improperly opened and closed, and the rubber hose was aging and falling off. ⑶ car exhaust.
Some people like to sleep with the air conditioner turned on in the car.
At this time, when the car engine is idling, the gasoline is not fully burned, and a large amount of exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide will be produced.
The exhaust gas enters the car through the air inlet of the car's air conditioner, causing poisoning. 2.
Production site: For enterprises that use coal or gas as raw materials, during the production process, the furnace (tank) body is inspected and maintained due to leakage of the gas pipeline, the furnace door is not closed tightly, or the furnace (tank) body is entered into a limited (closed) space with insufficient ventilation. lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. Whether it is at home or in the workplace to install carbon monoxide sensors for real-time monitoring, it is of great significance.
What are the scenarios that are prone to carbon dioxide poisoning?
Biological respiration, bacterial fermentation, and combustion of organic matter can produce carbon dioxide. Simple carbon dioxide poisoning is rare in clinical practice. Carbon dioxide, unlike carbon monoxide, is not toxic by itself. Common carbon dioxide poisoning scenarios are: 1.
Daily life: (1) Unprotected entry into vegetable cellars, sewers, sewers, etc. that have not been ventilated for a long time. (2) Use gas water heaters in closed and small kitchens and bathrooms.
(3) Use dry ice or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers in poorly ventilated areas to put out the fire. 2. Production site: The production site is mainly to carry out inspection and maintenance operations for furnaces (tanks) that enter long-term unventilated mines, closed warehouses, ship bottoms, etc., or enter long-term unventilated limited spaces or closed spaces.
Especially in a confined space, it is recommended to install a co2 sensor. The harm of carbon dioxide to the human body can stimulate the human respiratory center, cause shortness of breath, and cause headaches and confusion. Excessive concentration of carbon dioxide will not only affect human health, but also affect the natural environment.