When putting polyester in the dryer the polyester does not shrink under normal drying conditions.
Polyester is not like other fabric because polyester is a man made synthetic fiber and not cloth like other clothing is made of.
So there's usually no worry about polyester shrinking in the dryer unless you want the polyester to shrink on purpose.
You can shrink polyester in the dryer if you want to or need to shrink the polyester but shrinking polyester in the dryer requires some work.
I've never accidentally shrunk any polyester by simply drying it.
However I have shrunk other clothing in the dryer.
I've shrunk my 8 year old sons pants before and thankfully they fit his 4 year old brother so it was not a waste or really a problem.
Never shrunk polyester though.