Unless your bank allows you to use your debit card without any money in your bank account and then you pay it back with overdraft fees then no you cannot use your debit card as a credit card if you have no money in the checking account.
For most banks and debit cards you must have money in the checking account for the debit card transaction to go through.
You must have enough money in the checking account to cover the entire transaction you make with the debit card.
If you don't have enough money in the checking account then the debit card transaction will be declined and you won't be able to pay for the purchases.