The fertilizer that works best for growing potatoes is fertilizer that contains phosphate and potassium.
Potatoes do really well with fertilizer that provides them with phosphate and potassium.
I've had good luck growing potatoes using the Miracle Grow Performance Organics All Purpose fertilizer.
Also be sure to water the potatoes at least a few times per week to make sure the potatoes have enough water to grow.
When the soil begins to dry out you need to water the potatoes again.
Water the potatoes for at least 30 minutes every few days or at least twice per week or more often when it's really hot out.