Most places do not have codes in place that make a range hood a requirement above a stove.
However it's a good idea to have a range hood to vent the stove and cooking smells out of the house.
Especially if the stove is a gas stove the stove produces carbon monoxide which is deadly if it builds up in the house and it's a good idea to have that stove vented.
So that way the carbon monoxide goes out of the house and doesn't linger in the house.
The cooking smells also leave the house through range hood when you have the vent fan on.
I would always have a range hood over my stove and would install one in a house if I bought a house and it didn't have one.