Yes a torque converter can be replaced on a transmission without needing to replace the transmission.
But if the transmission is bad and not just the torque converter then the transmission would need rebuilt or replaced.
The torque converter is mounted on the transmission shaft in front of the transmission between the engine and transmission.
You need to remove the transmission or the engine to get to the torque converter so if you can replace the transmission or at least have it rebuilt while the torque converter is being replaced it would be a good idea.
Usually torque converters rarely fail but sometimes they might but usually if your transmission is not shifting it's usually caused by a transmission issue or low transmission fluid.