Yes using the wrong transmission fluid in your transmission or mixing other types of transmission fluid in with your current transmission fluid can ruin your transmission and cause shifting problems with your transmission.
Using the wrong type of transmission fluid can cause things such as poor lubrication, overheating, and possibly severe transmission damage.
Always use the specified transmission fluid for your transmission and your owners manual should tell you what type of transmission fluid you need to use in your transmission.
If not you can look up your vehicle make and model online and see what transmission fluid it needs.
Always make sure your transmission fluid is full and using the correct transmission fluid as it can cause costly transmission damage.