If the office chair is not providing proper support to your back or posture then yes the office chair can be a cause of back pain especially if you're sitting in the office chair for long periods of time.
When you're in an office you can't really choose an office chair unless the boss allows you to buy another better office chair that will support your back properly.
But when using an office chair at home you should buy a good quality office chair that is very comfortable and has good lumbar and back support to keep your body and back at the right posture.
Sitting properly in the office chair and having good lumbar support can help keep you from developing back pain when sitting at a desk for long hours.