Most smaller checks clear within 2 days of depositing it but if it's a larger check then it may take as long as 5 business days for the check to clear and then for the money to become available in your account.
You can deposit checks of any amount even if you don't have money in the checking account but you'll have to wait around 5 or 6 days for the check to clear the bank and for the funds to post to and show up in your checking account.
If the check hasn't cleared within 6 business days then you should contact the bank to see what's going on.