If the cold is just a simple viral cold then there's nothing a doctor can really do and there's really no medicine that a doctor can prescribe to make the cold go away any faster.
A cold will normally go away within a week to 10 days and if the cold last longer than 10 days then you could see a doctor about it just to make sure the cold is not leading to something more serious such as pneumonia.
If you go to the doctor for a regular cold all they'll do is tell you to stay hydrated, get plenty of rest, take some over the counter cold medicine and keep the air moist by using a vaporizer or humidifier.
Taking a steamy shower can also help with a cold and clear up congestion.