The 5 basic lands are Plains (White, Island (Blue), Swamp (Black), Mountain (Red), and Forest (Green).
These 5 basic lands are lands in Magic or the Gathering.
These core cards also provide one mana of their respective color and can also be included in decks in any number.
The purpose of the 5 basic lands are that they are fundamental for mana production and allow players to play spells and abilities.
They also possess the basic supertype and a matching subtype like the Land -Forest.
And while there are 5 primary types of basic lands, wastes is also a basic land and is (colorless).
There's also snow covered variants as well of each of the 5 main basic land types as well.
All lands are inherently colorless, with the exception of Dryad Arbor. Color *identity* is a Commander-only thing, and it looks at any mana symbols in the rules text, or if it has a basic land type (plus a few other ways).
A lot of the cards come from what's referred to as “un-sets”. they have different names like unhinged, unstable, and the newest set coming out is called unfinity.
The basic lands from these sets are the only playable cards in regular formats.