A Golden Retriever can likely handle cold weather as low as 30 F as long as they have a dog house that is insulated.
However if possible do bring the Golden Retriever or any other dog inside during cold weather because dogs even Golden Retrievers can freeze to death especially if it gets below 30 F or below freezing.
Never leave your dog out in any temperatures that are below 30 F or when there's a major ice or snow storm.
I personally would never leave the dog out in any weather overnight since the dog deserves to be loved and be inside with the people who own the dog.