The 7 types of genetic tests are forensic genetic tests, pharmagogenomic genetic tests, predictive/presymptomatic genetic tests, newborn screening genetic tests, prenatal genetic tests, carrier genetic tests and diagnostic genetic tests.
These genetic tests can analyze DNA for a variety of purposes, which include for identifying people for legal reasons and confirming if someone has a suspected genetic condition.
Genetic testing has also been instrumental in diagnosing of rare hereditary disorders such as cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and muscular dystrophy.
NGS has also enhanced the accuracy and efficiency of these genetic tests, enabling earlier and more precise diagnoses.
Some of the main types of genetic tests include.
Molecular tests which look for changes in one or more genes.
Chromosomal tests which are used to analyze whole chromosomes or long lengths of DNA to identify large-scale changes.
Gene expression tests which look at which genes are turned on or off (expressed) in different types of cells.
The 2 disorders that are commonly tested for during genetic testing are Down syndrome and trisomy 18 syndrome which are two genetic disorders that are often screened for as part of prenatal genetic testing.
Traditionally the testing is done looking at markers in blood or by invasive testing such as amniocentesis.
Genetic testing results typically take 2-4 weeks to be returned, but this can vary based on the specific test and the laboratory.
Some genetic tests, particularly those used for immediate medical decisions, can return results more quickly, within 5-12 calendar days.
Prenatal genetic tests like NIPT can usually return results within 5-7 business days.
Many insurance plans will cover the cost of genetic testing, especially when recommended by a doctor and deemed medically necessary.
However, coverage can vary depending on the insurance provider, the specific type of test, and the individual's circumstances.