The simple answer of stomata is that stomatas are pores also known as tiny openings in plant tissue which allow for gas exchange in the plant.
Stomatas are typically found in the plant leaves but can also be found in some plant stems.
Specialized cells known as guard cells surround the stomata and function to open and close stomatal pores.
Stomatas are usually more numerous on the underside of the plants leaves.
And the stomatas provide for the exchange of gases between the outside air and the branched system of interconnecting air canals within the leaf.
stomata is also called a stoma in plants.
Stomata are responsible for the interchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide for respiration and photosynthesis.
The stomatas help in the transpiration of water.
The stomatas close or open their pores to maintain the moisture balance based on climatic conditions.
The primary functions of stomata in a plant are for exchange of gases.
Closing and opening of stomata help in the exchange of gases between the plant its surrounding.
And it also facilitates the entry of carbon dioxide into the plant and removal of oxygen from the plant.
Stomata have guard cells that regulate their opening and closing.
These cells allow water to leave the plant due to turgor or transpiration.
In less light, the guard cells become flaccid causing the closing of the stomata.
If the stomata are blocked, it will stop the process of photosynthesis.
And during the night, stomata close, which enables the plant to save water when photosynthesis is no longer empowered with sunlight.
Although, depending on the species, or even the variety, residual nighttime transpiration may result in inefficient water loss.
As well as allowing gases in and out, stomata also control water loss.
When roots detect the soil is dry, they send a chemical signal to the leaves that causes specialized cells, called guard cells, to close the pores, stopping water vapor from escaping (transpiration).
The plants that have no stomata are aquatic plants.
The aquatic plants surface cells are capable of absorbing water, nutrients, and dissolved gases in the water.
Plants that live completely under water gather carbon dioxide from the water.
No other pores like stomata is required for this.
Hence aquatic plants don't have stomata.
Stomatal conductance is influenced by changes in nighttime temperatures as well.
For example, stomatal conductance in wheat is increased by 10% by high nighttime temperatures of 23 °C.
In contrast, stomatal density and conductance decrease when plants are grown with elevated CO2.