The cause of polyomavirus is BK and JC viruses that are typically acquired in childhood.
BK polyomavirus is transmitted through urine and respiratory fluids.
A polyoma is a type of small, nonenveloped DNA virus whose natural hosts are primarily birds and mammals.
Most of the human polyoma diseases are caused by BK and JC viruses which are usually acquired in childhood.
Approximately 50–80% of humans have a seropositivity to these viruses.
Polyoma is a DNA non enveloped DNA virus with wide host ranges.
The diseases that polyoma causes are hemorrhagic cystitis in recipients of bone marrow transplantation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised people, for example, by HIV infection.
The polyoma virus effect cytology is classified as being negative for high grade urothelial carcinoma in the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology.
Polyoma virus in urine is usually treated through use of human immune globulins.
The transplanted organ that is mostly and most frequently affected by the BK polyomavirus is the kidney.
BK polyomaviruses cause a progressive kidney transplant injury in 1 to 10 percent of renal kidney transplant patients.
Actual kidney damage can be detected by way of a kidney biopsy and kidney injury usually develops late in the course of the BK polyomavirus.
So screening and early treatment is vital and beneficial for long term kidney transplant survival.
The BK polyomavirus or BK virus, also known as Human polyomavirus 1, is a member of the polyomavirus family.
Past infection with the BK polyoma virus is widespread, although significant consequences of infection are uncommon, with the exception of the immunocompromised and the immunosuppressed.
The symptoms of the BK polyomavirus include.
Changes in the color of your urine (urine that is brown or red in color)
Pain when you urinate.
Difficulty in urinating.
Needing to urinate more than is normal for you.
A cough, cold, or trouble breathing.
Fever, muscle pain, or weakness.
Seizures.
BK viral nephritis can threaten the survival of your new kidney.
An estimated 1% to 10% of transplant recipients develop this condition.
BK virus reactivation causes graft loss in an estimated 30% to 80% of cases.
The primary routes for transmission of the BK polyoma virus are from mucosal contact including the oral, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract. After a primary viremia, the BK virus establishes refuge in the kidney and uroepithelial cells resulting in lifelong latent/persistent infection.