When you pluck a hair, the white stuff is just a hair follicle with a keratin bulb.
The keratin bulb is what anchors the hair to your skin and is a natural part of your hairs growth cycle.
The white bulb that you see when you pluck your hair is not the hair root itself, but instead is a protein rich structure that helps your hair follicle grow and shed.
The white bulb that you see when you pluck your hair is mainly composed and made up of keratin, which is the same protein that also makes up the nails and skin.
And the bulb is part of the hair follicle, which is the structure which houses your hair and helps your hair grow.
Your hair follicles go through different phases and during the telogen phase or resting phase, a new hair is also growing below the existing one, and the keratin bulb is present at the end of the old hair.
And seeing the white stuff when you pluck a hair which is the white bulb is normal and does not indicate or mean you have any underlying hair loss issues.
However, excessive hair loss with the bulbs may be a sign of pattern baldness or alopecia, which require professional assessment but it's common and okay to lose a few hairs with the bulbs as long as it does not get excessive.
The clear substance around the root of your hair is sebum, which is a natural oil produced by the sebaceous glands in your skin.
Sebum is what plays an essential role in maintaining skin health by keeping it moisturized and acting as a protective barrier against environmental contaminants.