What is hydrolysis and condensation?

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asked Nov 17, 2023 in Science by Kevetia (2,120 points)
What is hydrolysis and condensation?

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answered Sep 26 by wilsinshelled (5,640 points)
Hydrolysis and condensation are different in that condensation is the reverse reaction of hydrolysis and is a reaction used to make the large molecules from smaller ones.

Hydrolysis reactions are used to break up large molecules like fats, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and proteins into smaller molecules.

The three main types of hydrolysis are base hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis and salt hydrolysis.

The hydrolysis can be thought of as the exact opposite reaction to condensation which is a process where two molecules combine to form one larger molecule.

Hydrolysis energy is chemical energy which has been stored in high energy phosphoanhydride bonds in the adenosine triphosphate and is released after splitting these bonds.

Hydrolysis does release energy when one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in the hydrolysis process.

The ATP is then converted to adenosine diphosphate.

Energy is also released when a phosphate is removed from ADP to form adenosine monophosphate.

Exothermic hydrolysis is the forming of bonds and the breaking of bonds is endothermic.

If the overall stability of the products is greater than the stability of the reactants, the reaction overall will be exothermic since more stable molecules have less energy.

In thermochemistry, an exothermic reaction is a "reaction for which the overall standard enthalpy change ΔH⚬ is negative."

Exothermic reactions usually release heat.

The similarities between dehydration and hydrolysis is the macromolecules but each polymer and monomer reaction is specific to it's class.

Hydrolysis reactions release energy by breaking bonds and dehydration reactions require an investment of energy for any new bond formation.

The difference between dehydration and hydrolysis dehydration reactions involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy, while hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy.

Hydrolysis involves adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules.

During the hydrolysis a molecule of water is added to a substance and the addition of the molecule of water to the substance causes both the substance and the water molecule to split into 2 parts.

During such reactions, one fragment of the target molecule or parent molecule gains a hydrogen ion.

Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two fragments by the addition of a molecule of water.

Hydrolysis reactions are any type of chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.

The term hydrolysis is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

Hydrolysis, in chemistry and physiology, a double decomposition reaction with water as one of the reactants.

In simple terms the process of hydrolysis of a substrate can be defined as its reaction with water.

It is basically a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two fragments by the addition of a molecule of water.

Examples of hydrolysis include dissolving a salt of a weak acid or base in water or dissolving sulphuric acid in water where hydronium and bisulfate compounds are formed.

Hydrolysis also helps in breaking down proteins, fats, and complex carbohydrates in food.

During the hydrolysis reaction, a larger molecule forms two (or more) smaller molecules and water is consumed as a reactant.

Hydrolysis ("hydro" = water and "lysis" = break) involves adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules.

Hydrolysis reactions use water to breakdown polymers into monomers and is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, which forms water when synthesizing a polymer from monomers.

Hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy.

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