The part of the kidney that is most hypertonic is the renal medulla which is important for normal renal function and especially for processes that are involved in urine concentration.
Hypertonic dehydration is bad as it can in severe cases lead to death, loss of consciousness, hypovolemic shock and convulsions.
Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and high in osmotic pressure than the blood and is not dilute.
Hypotonic is a form of dehydration as hypotonic is a loss of water that is associated with a decreased effective osmolality of your body fluids.
Hypotonic dehydration is mostly caused by diuretics, which cause more sodium loss than water loss.
Hypotonic dehydration is characterized by low sodium and osmolality.
Hypotonic happens when the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than it is inside the cell and then the solutes are not able to cross the membrane.
As a result that solution is then hypotonic to the cell.
In hypotonic urine the water ingestion dilutes your body fluids and reduces or even stops ADH secretion and the urine then becomes hypotonic and then the extra water is excreted in your urine.
The urine osmolality that is hypotonic is when the urine osmolality or serum osmolality is less than 280 mOsm/kg.
And a urine osmolality value of less than 100 mOsm/kg indicates complete and appropriate suppression of antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Hypotonic urine is caused by an underactive bladder that occurs when the bladder muscles lose their ability to hold in urine.
When you're no longer able to sense when the bladder is full or to empty the bladder completely then it over fills and then urine leaks out which is also called hypotonic bladder or a flaccid bladder.
Urine should be hypertonic as humans and other mammals produce what is known as hypertonic urine so that we avoid loss of water.
The hypertonic urine is urine in which the water moves out of the urine and becomes concentrated.
When you have hypotonic urine, the concentration of water is more as compared to its solutes, whereas in hypertonic urine, the concentration of water is low as compared to its solutes.
When there is a threat of excessive water loss from the body of an animal, the urine excreted needs to be hypertonic and not hypotonic.
Hypotonic urine is pale yellow in color and hypertonic urine is dark in color except in osmotic diuresis in which the pale colored urine has high specific weight.
When the fluid is hypertonic it means that the fluid has a high solute concentration and low water concentration when compared to body fluids.
In hypertonic fluid the net movement of water will be out of the body and into the solution.
Fluids that are hypertonic include.
Saline Solutions: >0.9% a. 3% NaCl. b. 5% NaCl.
Dextrose Solutions >=10% a. D10W. b. D20W. c. D50W.
Dextrose 5% in 0.9 Normal Saline (N5NS)
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Normal Saline (D5 1/2 NS)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer's (D5LR)
Urine can also become hypertonic.
Urine becomes hypertonic when water moves out from the urine.
When urine moves through the descending limb, it becomes hypertonic and as it passes through the ascending limb of Henle's loop, it becomes hypotonic.
Urine is hypotonic in the distal consolidated tubules of the nephrons.
Hypertonic urine is highly concentrated urine that results from the excretion of excess solutes.
Hypotonic urine is urine that results from excretion of excess water.
In hypotonic urine, the concentration of water is more as compared to its solutes, whereas in hypertonic urine, the concentration of water is low as compared to its solutes.
When there is a threat of excessive water loss from the body of an animal, the urine excreted needs to be hypertonic and not hypotonic.
When urine passes into collecting tubule it becomes hypotonic. Urine is isotonic in proximal convolute tubule.
In the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), water is mainly reabsorbed from the collecting duct and the fluid thus logically becomes hypertonic, i.e. concentrated.
Hypertonic dehydration, also known as hypernatremia, refers to an imbalance of water and sodium in the body characterized by relatively increased levels of sodium.
Generally, when water is excreted from the body, electrolyte (e.g., sodium) concentrations in the blood increase.
Urea leaks from the lower portion of collecting duct and contributes to a high solute concentration.
Water leaves descending limb of the loop of Henle, returning to the blood.
Hence, urine is hypertonic to blood and isotonic to medullary plasma.
If a cell encounters a hypotonic environment, (like pure water for instance), water will diffuse into the cell and the cell will begin to swell.
This can of course lead to an explosion of sorts.
Hypotonic dehydration is mostly caused by diuretics, which cause more sodium loss than water loss.
Hypotonic dehydration is characterized by low sodium and osmolality.
The hypertonicity is due to the high concentration of Na+ and Cl− ions in the medulla, resulting from the countercurrent multiplier activity of the loops of Henle.
Thus, an increasingly concentrated urine is produced.
The ability of the kidney to produce urine that is hypertonic to the blood plasma is due to the loop of Henle.
The loop of Henle does not concentrate the urine directly; rather, it functions as a countercurrent multiplier creating a concentration gradient in the surrounding medulla.
The hypertonicity of the renal medulla is of fundamental importance for normal renal function, especially for processes involved in urine concentration.