What is sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma?

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asked Aug 23, 2023 in Diseases Conditions by GordonTom (3,220 points)
What is sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma?

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answered Aug 29, 2023 by Gloverdragon (23,920 points)
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm of the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses and it's also extremely rare.

The SMARCB1 gene mutation is a gene mutation that causes Coffin-Siris Syndrome which is a condition that causes delayed development and abnormalities of the pinky fingers or toes and also causes characteristic facial features which are described as coarse.

SMARCB1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma is an emerging poorly differentiated/undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma that cannot be better classified as another specific tumor type and has consistent histopathological findings (albeit with some variability) with varying proportions of plasmacytoid/rhabdoid cells.

People with SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma receive a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical excision similar to other undifferentiated or poorly differentiated tumors of the sinonasal tract.

However, the outcome for these people is poor with a 5-year survival rate of 34.9%

NUT carcinoma is not curable and it is often resistant to treatment.

The median survival time from diagnoses of NUT Carcinoma is 6 months to 7 months.

The symptoms of NUT carcinoma are weight loss, fatigue, painless lump, pain, persistent cough, shortness of breath and nasal obstruction and nasal congestion.

A person gets NUT carcinoma when the NUTm1 gene mutates, which is why it's called NUT carcinoma.

The NUT carcinoma is caused by a genetic mutation but it's not a hereditary one.

NUT carcinoma cannot be passed on from one generation to the next.

There have been about 20 new cases of NUT carcinoma each year.

Nut Carcinoma is rare and not very common.

The NUT in carcinoma is a gene called NUT that joints with another region called BRD4.

Doctors will look for this change in chromosomes to confirm that your cancer is NC.

NUT carcinoma (NC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of squamous carcinoma characterized by genetic rearrangements involving the NUTM1 (NUT midline carcinoma family member 1) gene.

Patient cases with tumors harboring at(15;19) translocation were reported from 1991 onwards.

Carcinoma is treated through use of chemotherapy which treats the carcinoma with drugs that destroy the carcinoma cancer cells either through the entire body or in specific areas of the body.

Carcinoma is also sometimes treated using radiation therapy or surgery along with chemotherapy.

High grade carcinoma is tumor cells that are poorly differentiated which means the tumor cells do not look like normal cells.

Instead the tumor cells are disorganized and tend to grow and spread much faster than grade I tumors.

Carcinoma develops and is formed in the cells that make up the skin or the tissue that lines the organs such as the kidneys or liver.

Carcinomas are abnormal cells which divide without control and are able to spread to other parts of the body but they don't always spread to other parts of the body in all cases.

Carcinoma is found in the epithelial tissues which are tissues that cover the outside of your body like the skin and also line all the organs inside your body such as the digestive system and other organs.

Carcinoma is cancer that forms in epithelial tissue.

Epithelial tissue lines most of your organs, the internal passageways in your body (like your esophagus), and your skin.

Most cancers affecting your skin, breasts, kidney, liver, lungs, pancreas, prostate gland, head and neck are carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinoma is most often a slow spreading cancer although in the end stages it may spread fast.

You can most often get rid of squamous cell carcinoma through use of immunotherapy drugs or even through chemo and in some cases surgery may be needed to treat and get rid of the squamous cell carcinoma.

You will need chemo for squamous cell carcinoma if it has spread.

However at first an immunotherapy drug is usually used to treat squamous cell carcinoma such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU or cisplatin.

The medicines for squamous cell carcinoma will be given through a vein through an IV one every couple of weeks.

The most common treatment for squamous cell carcinoma is electrodesiccation and Curettage.

For larger tumors a surgery with a larger incision will need to be made.

Squamous cell carcinoma usually takes between 1 year to 2 years to spread after the initial diagnoses.

Certain tumor and patient characteristics also increase the risk of metastasis and prior studies have shown that metastasis rates of 3 to 9 percent occurs one to 2 years after initial diagnosis.

The survival rate for squamous cell carcinoma throat is 60 percent for a 5 year survival rate.

Although people who are HPV positive and have squamous cell carcinoma of the throat have a 5 year survival rate of 75 percent and a 3 year survival rate of 90 percent and negative tested people have a 5 year survival rate of 50 percent.

Oropharyngeal cancer is the same as throat cancer and is also called tonsil cancer.

The Oropharyngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that refers to the cancer of the base and posterior one-third of the tongue, the tonsils, soft palate, and posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls.

This cancer is also known as Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Sometimes more than one cancer can occur in the oropharynx and in other parts of the oral cavity, nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea, or esophagus at the same time.

Most oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers can often be cured, especially if the cancer is found at an early stage.

Although curing the cancer is the primary goal of treatment, preserving the function of the nearby nerves, organs, and tissues is also very important.

Around 60 out of 100 people (around 60%) survive the oropharyngeal cancer for 5 years or more after they are diagnosed.

Almost 30 out of 100 people (almost 30%) survive the oropharyngeal cancer for 5 years or more after diagnosis.

Some oropharyngeal cancers are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).

The most common sites where mouth and oropharyngeal cancer spread to include: the lymph nodes in the neck. the bones. the lungs.

If the oropharyngeal cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, the 5-year relative survival rate for all people is 86%.

About 28% of oral and oropharyngeal cancers are diagnosed at this stage.

If the oropharyngeal cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or organs and/or the regional lymph nodes, the 5-year relative survival rate is 69%.

Oropharyngeal cancer starts in the oropharynx, which is the part of the throat just behind the mouth.

It includes cancer that starts in the back of the tongue and tonsil cancer.

The stage of your oropharyngeal cancer tells you how big it is and whether it has spread.

The leading risk factors for developing oropharyngeal cancer are smoking tobacco, heavy alcohol consumption, and HPV infection, especially a specific type known as HPV-16.

The fact that fewer U.S. residents now smoke has resulted in a decline in smoking-related oropharyngeal cancers.

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