Extreme cold does affect electronics and can cause damage to computers, tablets, phones and TV's.
Normally though when these electronics are left off when they are very cold they are okay but if they are turned on during extreme cold they may be damaged.
Also most consumer electronic devices use lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries and those batteries cannot be charged at subfreezing temperatures (below 32°F or 0°C) without causing damage.
To prepare your house for extreme cold weather ensure your furnace is working properly, seal up any windows with caulking, cover the windows with plastic and seal off any holes or crevices that can allow cold air to enter.
Also install insulating curtains to help keep the cold weather out.
During cold weather keep faucets dripping to help prevent frozen water pipes and install insulation over the exposed water pipes.
Cover any outdoor spigots and remove any garden hoses.
To keep your house warm in the winter without electricity you can use your gas or propane stove if you have one.
The stove can be lit with matches or a cig lighter or use a Kerosene or propane heater that requires no electricity.
If you have a wood burning stove then that would be a good way to keep your house warm in the winter without electricity as well.
Also open curtains and blinds to allow plenty of sunlight in and keep moving.
If your house is too cold then consider getting into your car or vehicle and even sitting in it in your driveway as the sunlight can heat up the vehicle.
Or drive around town with the heater on until the power comes back on.
Also use more blankets than normal to stay warm.
To keep warm during a power outage you can use a portable generator to provide electricity to power an electric space heater.
If you have a gas stove you can use the gas stove for heat during the power outage or even the oven but you must be careful to avoid carbon monoxide buildup.
Another option is to cover your body with plenty of blankets and you use your breath for heat.
Also if you don't have a wood stove then that would be a good option to use in the event of a power outage.
Or install a gas or propane heater that requires no electricity.
Candles can also give off some heat.
During a power outage it's always a good thing to have a backup source of heat to heat your home because when the power goes out your furnace with the blower will not work.
A natural gas wall heater that is vented is a good idea or even those natural gas vent free heaters are good for use in emergencies and they don't require electricity to run.
A wood stove is another option or a coal stove that doesn't require power.
If you have no other form of emergency heat then you need to layer in blankets and bundle up really good to keep in your body heat.
If you have to sleep in the cold in your house then layer on lots of blankets and wear a coat to bed as well.
Cover your whole body and entire head with the blankets because the breath you're breathing will be warm and will warm you up under the covers nicely.
I've done that before and I survived a freezing cold house for 2 weeks until the power got restored after an ice storm.
A portable propane buddy heater can also keep you warm or even a torpedo heater but be aware of carbon monoxide poisoning.
When a power outage may occur such as an oncoming ice storm be sure to turn your thermostat up so the furnace will run longer and heat your home to a warmer temperature.
This will help keep your house warm for a little longer after the power goes out.