Yes low transmission fluid can cause your check engine light to come on so do check your transmission fluid if your check engine light is on.
Other things that can cause your check engine light to come on are, lose or faulty gas cap, bad sensors, low tire pressure and even low engine oil can cause your check engine light to come on.
Other things that could cause your check engine light to come on are bad ignition coil or ignition coils, bad spark plugs etc.
There's a lot of things that can cause a check engine light to come on so if your transmission fluid is full, your gas cap is good or on tight, and you've checked everything else then you should take the car to a shop and have them run a diagnostic test to see why your check engine light is actually coming on.