The time it takes the dog to digest it's food and poop it out will depend on the type of food they eat.
For wet food it takes less time to digest and poop it out and for dry food it takes longer for the dog to digest the food and poop it out.
Dry food takes around 8 hours for the dog to properly digest fully and then poop it out and for wet food the dog can usually digest and poop it out within a couple of hours.