Surgeons hold their pee like other people do and then they go to the restroom to pee while another surgeon takes their place during a long surgery.
For most surgeries the surgeon goes pee beforehand and then they can last through the surgery without needing to pee.
But surgeons will hold their pee and then if they need to go pee or poop then the surgeon will have another surgeon take over if one is available.
There will always be someone in the surgery room while the surgeon goes to the bathroom and then they will need to wash up again after using the restroom.
Surgeons sometimes take breaks during surgery although another surgeon would take the place of the surgeon going on break.
For surgeries that don't take too long the surgeon will generally not take a break.
Doctors wear white clothes during surgery as a way to distinguish themselves from other doctors and for easy recognition by colleagues and patients, to put items in the pockets and to keep clothes clean.
The tradition began in the late 1800s, when trained surgeons, followed by physicians not too long thereafter, began wearing white lab coats as a way to distinguish themselves from the fraudulent health care providers who those attempting to pawn off miracle cures and did not practice traditional, evidence-based.
The riskiest surgery is brain surgery and open heart surgery.
Brain surgery is one of the most riskiest surgeries.
The most riskiest surgery is a Craniectomy surgery.
The Craniectomy surgery involves removing a fraction of the skull to relieve pressure on the brain and is one of the highest risks surgeries.
Regular brain surgery is also the next highest risk surgeries there is.
And then Open Heart Surgery is also on the list of being the highest and most riskiest surgeries.
Other high risk surgeries include.
Thoracic aortic dissection repair.
Oesophagectomy.
Spinal osteomyelitis surgery.
Bladder cystectomy.
Gastric bypass.
Separation of conjoined twins.
Some other high risk surgeries include.
Small bowel resection (removal of all or part of a small bowel).
Gallbladder removal.
Peptic ulcer surgery to repair ulcers in the stomach or first part of small intestine.
Removal of peritoneal (abdominal) adhesions (scar tissue).
Major surgery is any invasive operative procedure in which a more extensive resection is performed, e.g. a body cavity is entered, organs are removed, or normal anatomy is altered.
In general, if a mesenchymal barrier is opened (pleural cavity, peritoneum, meninges), the surgery is considered major.
While any surgical procedure has risks, bariatric surgery has been found to be one of the safest surgeries to undergo.
It is considered as safe or more safe when compared to other elective surgeries.