The difference between oxytocin and vasopressin is that oxytocin has a single receptor (OXTR) encoded on chromosome 3, whereas vasopressin has three types of receptors, AVPR1a and AVPR1b (also called V3) and V2, on chromosome 20.
The function of oxytocin and vasopressin is to regulate lactation and water balance, respectively, are potent regulators of skeletal integrity.
Oxytocin and vasopressin are related pituitary non-apeptides; they consist of nine amino acids in a cyclic structure.
These molecules differ by only two amino acids, at position 3 and 8 (isoleucine and leucine in oxytocin are replaced by phenylanine and arginine in vasopressin, respectively).
The difference between vasopressin and desmopressin is that Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-O-arginine-vasopressin, DDAVP) is a synthetic analogue of arginine vasopressin.
It has 10 times the antidiuretic action of vasopressin, but 1500 times less vasoconstrictor action.
Desmopressin is used to treat central cranial diabetes insipidus.
This is a condition that causes the body to lose too much fluid and become dehydrated.
It is also used to control bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis), and the frequent urination and increased thirst caused by certain types of brain injury or brain surgery.
Vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor and a more potent vasoconstrictor.
Physiological concentrations of vasopressin cause vasoconstriction and elevate systemic vascular resistance.
In subjects with intact cardiovascular reflex activity, however, cardiac output falls concomitantly and blood pressure therefore does not change.
The way vasopressin affects the kidneys is by decreasing the water excretion by the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
It is concluded that physiological levels of vasopressin influence the distribution of renal blood flow by causing vasoconstriction in the outer region of the renal cortex.
Higher levels of the hormone increase vascular resistance throughout the cortex.
The effect of Vasopressin is it decreases the water excretion by the kidneys by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, hence its other name of antidiuretic hormone.
Vasopressin also has a potent constricting effect on arterioles throughout the body.
The main function of vasopressin is to maintain osmolality which is (the concentration of dissolved particles, such as salts and glucose, in the serum) and therefore in maintaining the volume of water in the extracellular fluid (the fluid space that surrounds cells).
Vasopression is used to treat low blood pressure and diabetes as well as treat frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss of water caused by diabetes insipidus.
Vasopressin works on the heart by increasing the maximum bradycardia that can be elicited through baroreceptor reflexes but does not alter the slope relating change in heart rate to change in blood pressure.
And vasopressin can cause coronary vasoconstriction or vasodilation and exert positive or negative inotropic effects.
In addition to its vascular effects on coronary blood flow, vasopressin also has mitogenic and metabolic effects on the heart.
Vasopressors work in the body to contract and tighten the blood vessels and raise blood pressure.
Vasopressors are a group of medicines that are used to treat severely low blood pressure, especially in people who are critically ill.
Very low blood pressure can lead to organ damage and even death.
An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any medication that tends to raise low blood pressure.
In theory, norepinephrine is the ideal vasopressor in the setting of warm shock, wherein peripheral vasodilation exists in association with normal or increased cardiac output.
Midodrine is a vasopressor and antihypotensive drug used to treat low blood pressure.
Midodrine is available under the following different brand names: ProAmatine, and Orvaten.
In the setting of IV administration, phenylephrine is a commonly used anesthetic vasopressor for patients with normal cardiac function and hypotension secondary to the vasodilatory effect of anesthetic medications or non-cardiac shock states.
The reason DDAVP is given to patients is to help stop bleeding in patients with von Willebrand's disease or mild hemophilia A.
When DDAVP is given it causes the release of von Willebrand's antigen from the platelets and the cells that line the blood vessels where it is stored.
Von Willebrand's antigen is the protein that carries factor VIII.
Desmopressin exerts its haemostatic effect by: Inducing synthesis of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) by endothelial cells.
Stimulating release of the VWF from its storage sites in endothelial cells.
Cleaving the large VWF multimers circulating in plasma into smaller multimers.
Desmopressin, sold under the trade name DDAVP among others, is a medication used to treat diabetes insipidus, bedwetting, hemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, and high blood urea levels.
Desmopressin is a man-made form of vasopressin and is used to replace a low level of vasopressin.
This medication helps to control increased thirst and too much urination due to these conditions, and helps prevent dehydration.
Desmopressin is also used to control nighttime bedwetting in children.
Desmopressin works by reducing the amount of urine produced in the body at night by the kidneys.
This means that the bladder then fills with less urine during the night.
Desmopressin is usually taken at bedtime.
Infrequently, desmopressin may affect your blood pressure.
It may cause an increase or decrease in your blood pressure.
A temporary drop in your blood pressure may result in dizziness and a fast heartbeat.
Ask your doctor for more details, especially if you have heart problems or high or low blood pressure.