Carbonated water is harder to digest than plain water so yes it can affect your kidneys health in a bad way just like carbonated soda or any other carbonated drinks.
Drinking some carbonated water is okay but for optimal kidney health you need to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day and by water I mean plain old water without anything added to it.
Drinking grape juice and even eating grapes can promote kidney health and keep your kidneys healthy.
Studies have shown that eating grapes daily or drinking grape juice daily can help to ward off kidney disease and keep your kidneys from failing.