The way your auto insurance company finds out that you've gotten a speeding ticket or any other ticket is they'll look up your driving record and that's how they'll see you've gotten a ticket and then that's when you might see your insurance rates go up.
Although your auto insurance rates won't automatically go up right after getting the ticket since most auto insurance companies only pull your driving record up again when your auto insurance contract is renewed or first purchased.
So a speeding ticket or other ticket should not affect your auto insurance rates right after you get the ticket.