There's several different search engines that your website can rank on so I'm not sure what search engine you're asking about but I'm assuming you're asking about how long it takes to rank a webpage on Google Search.
Google Ranking has many factors that will determine your page rank in Google Search such as Backlinks, Quality of Backlinks, domain age, domain authority, how good the content is etc.
For most websites including new websites it can take from 90 to 180 days for your content to rank in Google Search results.
I've seen some websites such as accuweather.com rank new content in google search in as little as 2 hours after it was published.
But Accuweather.com has been around for 22 years and 214 days and is a big brand so that is one reason why it ranked so quick. "That's longer than Google has even been around"
That goes for some other older websites that have been online for a long time and why they rank so quickly and well in the search results.
But for most websites especially if your website hasn't been around online for long then expect it to take around 90 to 180 days and sometimes longer to Rank in Google Search depending on the competitiveness of your keywords.
Ranking is a long term process and in some cases it can take up to 4 to 5 years for your content to climb the google ranks but just be patient and continue to work on your website and content and overtime you should be able to see the results.